A Rust Belt City’s Economic Struggle | Left Behind America

代顿，俄亥俄州：被遗忘的美国 (纪录片事件总结)

这部纪录片讲述了俄亥俄州代顿市 (Dayton, Ohio) 的经济衰落以及由此引发的社会问题，例如贫困、毒品泛滥等。

重要事件和信息：

  1. 代顿的辉煌时代 (20 世纪初 - 20 世纪 70 年代):

    • 代顿曾经是美国中西部工业和创新中心，被称为“当时的硅谷” (Silicon Valley of its age)。
    • 莱特兄弟 (Wright brothers) 在代顿开启了他们的飞行事业。
    • 代顿的人均专利申请量曾位居全国第一，例如收银机 (cash register) 的发明。
    • 二战期间，代顿的重工业为战争做出了巨大贡献，推动了工人财富的增长。
    • 20 世纪 30 年代到 70 年代是美国普遍繁荣的时期，代顿也经历了人口增长和经济发展。

  2. 种族隔离和白人迁徙 (20 世纪 70 年代):

    • 随着大量来自阿巴拉契亚 (Appalachia) 的白人和来自南方腹地 (Deep South) 的黑人涌入代顿，种族融合引发了白人的恐惧。
    • 出现了“白人迁徙” (white flight) 现象，白人纷纷搬到郊区，导致城市投资减少，社区结构瓦解。
    • 对黑人的“红线政策” (redlining) 限制了他们在城市其他地区的购房能力，导致黑人主要集中在西代顿 (West Dayton)，加剧了该地区的贫困。

  3. 制造业衰落和经济困境 (20 世纪 70 年代末至今):

    • 20 世纪 70 年代末开始，企业开始抵制工会 (labor unions)，将生产转移到海外。
    • 里根时代 (Reagan era) 的减税和放松管制政策进一步加速了制造业的衰落。
    • 《北美自由贸易协定》(NAFTA) 和中国加入世界贸易组织 (World Trade Organization) 使代顿的汽车零部件制造商遭受重创。
    • 通用汽车 (General Motors) 在 2008 年关闭了其在代顿的大型工厂，导致大量工人失业。
    • 国家收银机公司 (National Cash Register) 在 2009 年将总部迁往亚特兰大 (Atlanta)，对代顿的经济和心理造成沉重打击。

  4. 阿片类药物危机 (2010 年代至今):

    • 代顿的体力劳动传统和制药公司的过度推销导致阿片类药物 (opioids) 滥用问题日益严重。
    • 对非法处方的打击导致海洛因 (heroin) 泛滥，代顿的地理位置使其成为毒品交易中心。
    • 吸毒过量 (overdose) 成为 50 岁以下人群的主要死因，给代顿的医疗和司法系统造成巨大压力。

  5. 重建与希望 (2010 年代至今):

    • 尽管面临诸多挑战，代顿也在努力重建经济，吸引投资，例如中国福耀玻璃 (Fuyao Glass America) 在旧通用工厂的投资。
    • 阿希斯卡土耳其人 (Ahiska Turks) 等移民群体为代顿的经济和社区发展做出了贡献。
    • 社区合作社 (co-op) 等基层组织正在努力解决食品沙漠 (food deserts) 等问题。

纪录片探讨了美国许多城市面临的共同困境：

纪录片也展现了代顿人面对困境的韧性和希望：

Dayton, Ohio: Left Behind America (Documentary Event Summary)

This documentary tells the story of the economic decline of Dayton, Ohio, and the resulting social problems, such as poverty and the opioid epidemic.

Important Events and Information:

  1. Dayton's Glory Days (Early 20th Century - 1970s):

    • Dayton was once the industrial and innovation center of the American Midwest, known as the "Silicon Valley of its age."
    • The Wright brothers (Wright brothers) began their aviation career in Dayton.
    • Dayton had the highest per capita patent applications in the country, including the invention of the cash register (cash register).
    • During World War II, Dayton's heavy industries made a significant contribution to the war effort, driving the growth of worker wealth.
    • The 1930s to 1970s were a period of widespread prosperity in the United States, and Dayton also experienced population growth and economic development.

  2. Racial Segregation and White Flight (1970s):

    • As large numbers of whites from Appalachia (Appalachia) and blacks from the Deep South (Deep South) poured into Dayton, racial integration sparked fear among whites.
    • The phenomenon of "white flight" (white flight) emerged, with whites moving to the suburbs, leading to reduced urban investment and the disintegration of community structures.
    • The "redlining" (redlining) policy against blacks restricted their ability to buy homes in other parts of the city, leading to blacks being concentrated mainly in West Dayton (West Dayton), exacerbating poverty in the area.

  3. Decline of Manufacturing and Economic Hardship (Late 1970s - Present):

    • Beginning in the late 1970s, businesses began to resist labor unions (labor unions), moving production overseas.
    • Tax cuts and deregulation during the Reagan era (Reagan era) further accelerated the decline of manufacturing.
    • NAFTA (NAFTA) and China's entry into the World Trade Organization (World Trade Organization) hit Dayton's auto parts manufacturers hard.
    • General Motors (General Motors) closed its massive Dayton plant in 2008, leading to massive job losses.
    • National Cash Register (National Cash Register) moved its headquarters to Atlanta (Atlanta) in 2009, dealing a heavy blow to Dayton's economy and psyche.

  4. Opioid Crisis (2010s - Present):

    • Dayton's tradition of manual labor and overpromotion by pharmaceutical companies led to a growing problem of opioid (opioids) abuse.
    • The crackdown on illegal prescriptions led to a flood of heroin (heroin), and Dayton's geographical location made it a hub for drug trafficking.
    • Overdose (overdose) has become the leading cause of death for people under 50, putting a huge strain on Dayton's health care and judicial systems.

  5. Rebuilding and Hope (2010s - Present):

    • Despite the many challenges, Dayton is also working to rebuild its economy and attract investment, such as the investment by China's Fuyao Glass America (Fuyao Glass America) in the old GM plant.
    • Immigrant groups such as the Ahiska Turks (Ahiska Turks) have contributed to Dayton's economic and community development.
    • Grassroots organizations such as community co-ops (co-op) are working to address problems such as food deserts (food deserts).

The documentary explores the common plight facing many American cities:

The documentary also shows the resilience and hope of Dayton residents in the face of adversity: