ENDING ILLEGAL DISCRIMINATION AND RESTORING MERIT-BASED OPPORTUNITY

主要修订内容(中文)

  1. 被废除的行政令(Section 3(a))

    • EO 12898 (1994):关于少数族裔和低收入群体环境正义的政策。
    • EO 13583 (2011):建立联邦政府范围内促进劳动力多样性和包容性的倡议。
    • EO 13672 (2014):修订《11246 号行政令》,禁止联邦承包商基于性取向和性别认同的就业歧视(原平权法案关键修订)。
    • 2016 年总统备忘录:推动国家安全领域劳动力多样性和包容性。
  2. 对联邦承包商的重大调整(Section 3(b))

    • 废除《11246 号行政令》:终止联邦承包商必须采取“积极行动”(Affirmative Action)的义务,但给予 90 天过渡期。
    • 禁止劳动力平衡政策:禁止承包商基于种族、性别、宗教等因素调整员工构成。
    • 停止 DEI 推广:劳工部联邦合同合规办公室(OFCCP)立即停止:
      • 推动“多样性”目标;
      • 要求承包商承担“积极行动”责任;
      • 允许基于身份特征的雇佣平衡。
  3. 合同与资助条款调整(Section 3(b)(iv))

    • 所有联邦合同或资助必须包含:
      • 遵守反歧视法的条款(违反将影响付款);
      • 认证不运营任何违法的 DEI 项目。
  4. 政府流程去 DEI 化(Section 3(c))

    • 管理和预算办公室(OMB)需:
      • 从联邦采购、合同和资助流程中删除所有 DEI/DEIA 原则;
      • 终止“公平决策”“公平资金分配”等类似要求。
  5. 私营部门限制(Section 4)

    • 要求司法部制定战略计划,重点打击私营部门中:
      • 大型上市公司、非营利组织、高校等的非法 DEI 项目;
      • 提出诉讼、合规调查和监管措施建议。
  6. 教育领域合规(Section 5)

    • 教育部与司法部联合发布指南,要求接受联邦资助的教育机构遵守最高法院 2023 年“学生公平录取诉哈佛大学案”判决(禁止种族配额)。

关键结论

  1. 部分废除而非整体撤销
    • 保留了 1964 年《民权法案》的原始反歧视框架,但废除了后续行政令中关于“积极行动”、DEI 和身份配额的具体要求。
  2. 重点打击 DEI 政策
    • 将“多样性、公平、包容”原则视为非法歧视,限制其在政府和私营部门的实施。
  3. 回归“择优”原则
    • 强调以个人能力(merit)而非身份特征作为机会分配标准。

Major Revisions (English)

  1. Revoked Executive Orders (Section 3(a))

    • EO 12898 (1994): Policies addressing environmental justice for minority and low-income populations.
    • EO 13583 (2011): Established a government-wide initiative to promote diversity and inclusion in the federal workforce.
    • EO 13672 (2014): Amended EO 11246 to prohibit federal contractors from discriminating based on sexual orientation and gender identity.
    • 2016 Presidential Memorandum: Promoted diversity and inclusion in the national security workforce.
  2. Changes to Federal Contracting (Section 3(b))

    • Revocation of EO 11246: Terminates affirmative action obligations for federal contractors, with a 90-day transition period.
    • Ban on Workforce Balancing: Prohibits contractors from adjusting workforce composition based on race, sex, religion, etc.
    • Ending DEI Enforcement: The OFCCP must immediately cease:
      • Promoting diversity goals;
      • Requiring affirmative action compliance;
      • Permitting identity-based workforce balancing.
  3. Contract and Grant Terms (Section 3(b)(iv))

    • All federal contracts/grants must include:
      • Compliance with anti-discrimination laws as a material payment condition;
      • Certification of no illegal DEI programs.
  4. Removal of DEI from Government Processes (Section 3(c))

    • OMB must:
      • Excise DEI/DEIA principles from federal acquisition and assistance procedures;
      • Terminate "equitable decision-making" and similar mandates.
  5. Private Sector Restrictions (Section 4)

    • The DOJ must develop a plan to:
      • Target illegal DEI practices in large corporations, nonprofits, and universities;
      • Recommend lawsuits, investigations, and regulatory actions.
  6. Education Compliance (Section 5)

    • The DOJ and Department of Education must issue guidance aligning with Students for Fair Admissions v. Harvard (2023), banning racial quotas.